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This aim was ill-fated and in the eyes of many economists , obviously exceeded the country's economic capacity, . authority, 1950-1951 labelled as an 1. As the Labour Party emerged to replace the Liberal Party in the 1920s, G.D.H. Iron and steel nationalisation How Did The Petrov Affair Affect Australia. Positions like these allowed the Labour MPs to prove that they were, in fact, very skilled and also gave them invaluable experience. Evidently, the Conservatives were punished in 1945, when they were lucky to not have been in 1935 and, arguably, if elections had taken place in 1940, Labour may have won. system, Alongside the abolishment of Their living standards had not radically altered since 1945, and the significance of many of these voters is that they voted in marginal constituencies. There are several causes which can be established, first by looking at the events of the Attlee years and then isolating those points at which factors were working toward the party's defeat.The 1945-1946 period of Labour government sought to address some key difficulties facing the nation following World War II. 419 million in 1951, Increase in defence expenditure by 4.7 billion, Issues rose in Certainly a major factor in the 1951 election was the redrawing of constituency boundaries, which dwarfs in significance the factors which should have mattered indeed electoral systems were crucial to both elections. league at peak had 100,000 In realising that the quality of life was far more important to the public than any other factor, the Conservatives promised to build 300,000 houses a year, although they did admit in their manifesto that not much could be done to lessen the strain of rationing in 1951. The 1946 National Health Service Act provided free access to a range of hospital and general practitioner services across the country. These problems, however, would have been inherent to any government of Britain at the time, but the fact was, Labour were held accountable. ministers to show their political competence, Work of Butler in transforming the and failed to outline their Greenwood, a Labour Politician, commissioned Beveridge to produce a report outlining a socio-economic strategy of post-war reconstruction. After gaining such a large majority in 1945, most Labour politicians felt relatively assured that they had at least 10 years in office secured. The Labour government called a snap election for Thursday 25 October 1951 in the hope of increasing its parliamentary majority. Labour's campaign, although not crucial to their success, was better organised, funded and planned than the Conservatives' and, as such, made Labour look strong - in contrast with the Conservatives. Divisions over appeasement, foreign policy and rearmament deeply weakened Labour. Labours changes, The Spectator wrote: The conservatives of in the hope of taking advantage of Churchill's huge popularity. Essay on why Labour failed to renew itself after it fulfilled its 1945 manifesto He lost again, but was given one more opportunity in 1951 . Gaitskell adopted a similarly pragmatic approach to Britains budgetary problems and kept typically socialist long-term economic planning to a minimum. The war had undoubtedly played a major role in the elections, being seen as a people's war it broke down social boundaries and caused a shift to the left. They suggested the election should take place the following year, in 1952, hoping the government would be able to make enough progress towards economic improvement to win the election. Labour gave independence to India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma, and pulled out of Palestine. Within the Cabinet, Gaitskells decision to expand the defence budget at the expense of domestic spending enraged health minister Nye Bevan in particular, who resigned as a response to the Korean deployment. Finally, splits over the Korean War both over the political justifications for British deployment, and over the cuts in public spending domestically brought about splits in the party which made it poorly placed to fight the 1951 election. Indeed, after signing the Munich Agreement, Chamberlain was heralded as a hero: 'saving' the country from another bloody war. The report was met by huge public enthusiasm and Labour's wholehearted backing. In 1945 the Conservatives had suffered from being divided and disorganised, while Labour had been strong and united. higher percentage of votes The Conservatives reluctance to accept this report was hugely beneficial to Labour who capitalised on the huge of public support behind it. Churchill however made a gross error in saying that Labour would need a Gestapo like organisation to enforce socialism upon Britain. Voters associated labour with Austerity. Named Let Us Face the Future, it emphasised that Labour were the only party that could be trusted to deliver a strong Britain and Beveridge's plans. The new Chancellor Sir Stafford Cripps expected of the country an austere realism which entailed the retention of rationing. Why did the Conservatives win elections from 1951-64 1945-1951 The 1951 General Election Since 2015, the problem of electoral 'bias' means Westminster's voting system has advantaged the Conservatives. This is especially so when one considers the crises they faced in that year, making the 1945 blue-skies, New Jerusalem thinking incredibly difficult to sustain. Labour 295 (48.8%) Within the Cabinet, Gaitskells decision to expand the defence budget at the expense of domestic spending enraged health minister Nye Bevan in particular, who resigned as a response to the Korean deployment. hoped for, Marshall Aid 1948 The first years, between 1945 and 1946, saw fervour for rapid reform in many areas of government. The first-past-the-post system played a key role in both winning Labour the vote in 1945 and losing it in 1951. Postal voting also Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, The question as to why Labour won the 1945 election has been the source of much in depth study since the period. As Labour struggled to legislate effectively, and following another badly-handled balance of payments crisis in the summer of 1951, Attlee dissolved Parliament in September and Labour subsequently lost albeit narrowly the October election. In addition, Morrison became Home Secretary and Bevin Minister of Labour and National Service. Explanation: In addition, after the Korean War broke out in 1950, Britain decided to rearm. Gaitskell had imposed upon the health service prescription charges for glasses and false teeth, which to Bevan and other NHS idealists represented the betrayal of NHS founding principals. The election was held on Thursday 23 February 1950, and was the first held following the abolition of plural voting and university constituencies. In 1951 Winston Churchill's Conservative party, won the general election, and this would be the start of 13 years of Conservative rule pning three prime ministers. Labour's campaign, although not crucial to their success, was better organised, funded and planned than the Conservatives' and, as such, made Labour look strong - in contrast with the Conservatives. The war had played a crucial role in Labours 1945 victory, by bringing them into the public eye - they were left effectively to their own devices to rule the homefront as Churchill struggled on with the war effort. response of Tory MP to Britain's involvement in the Korean War had not been a popular decision. Labour lost the election to the party whose ideas it was preaching. years, Once lend lease had ended in 1945 (end of The Conservatives' campaign focused on Churchill and international relationships rather than any major new reforms that the electorate so desperately wanted. Industrial relations problems e.g. The shock the election caused was comparable to the results of the 1906 and 1979 elections, and would have a profound impact on how the country was rebuilt in the post-war period. This massive reform of the 1945-1946 period was dealt a blow in February 1947, when the government faced a fuel crisis. Although it did help to achieve this end, Churchills party was able to lament publicly the humiliation the government had brought upon the British currency, and at the same time place blame on the government for the continuing food scarcities and long queues. Their election campaign was heavily based off the idea that, if voted into power, there would be a period of consolidation after the previous years of innovation. Also the Conservatives were much better funded in 1951, by business men afraid of further nationalisation the only major labour reform that the Conservatives dared to take a firm stance against. The need for a better post war Britain was felt amongst all classes and Labour's support of the Beveridge Report brought widespread support. The 1945-1946 period of Labour government sought to address some key difficulties facing the nation following World War II. Conservative pre-war blunders played a key role in Labour's victory due to the electorate remembering these mistakes. The economy's recovery was further hindered by the short-sighted need to remain a world power. So, at the 1950 election there was a 2. Food subsidies were sustained in order to negate inflation in living costs; levels of progressive taxation were preserved; regional development was the favoured way to control mass unemployment in the areas of urban industrial decline; nationalisation was seen as the solution in reviving core industries such as mining, which had been faltering in private hands. favoured As Labour struggled to legislate effectively, and following another badly-handled balance of payments crisis in the summer of 1951, Attlee dissolved Parliament in September and Labour subsequently lost - albeit narrowly - the October election. million if some charged could be made on Its formation was the result of many years of struggle by working class people, trade unionists and socialists, united by the goal of working class voices represented in British Parliament. leadership remembered in a This was at a time when the econo. The question as to why Labour won the 1945 election has been the source of much in depth study since the period. Labour's achievements, or rather what they did not achieve, can be linked as to why they lost: they had arguably successfully set up a welfare state but had also induced an economic crisis. This rule was ended in 1964 by Harold Wilson's reunited Labour party. Labour's manifesto was based around the Beveridge report and the Nationalisation of industries, ideas that had been tested during the war and were found to work. Why did Labour lose the 1951 election? The Labour party had suffered after 10 years in government, and their MPs had begun falling ill, some even dying. Firstly, the Parliamentary party was split in its loyalties to the party leadership, and cohesion within the legislature was less assured. Indeed, Robert Pearce claims it seems very unlikely indeed that the campaign was crucial, Paul Addison, however, argues that the campaign was important because . Labour Atlee used this as an opportunity to emphasise that although Churchill was a great wartime leader he was not such a good domestic politician. Less than half the price of our monthly plan. Once more, it was the objection of the middle class voters to austere conditions which brought about the Parliamentary swing. The party's manifesto was named Mr Churchill's Declaration of Policy to the Electorate, in the hope of taking advantage of Churchill's huge popularity. Although progress was initially slow on this front, one million houses were eventually built and the housing problem was eased for a while. administration (up to This time Churchill was victorious. administration would lead to plural voting- 1948 downfall 1950, Balance of Payments record: keeping the NHS, Attractive party to businessmen Dunkirk triggered many people to blame the conservatives and their previous leaders for appeasement. While the more right-wing Gaitsgillites wanted more concentration on an aggressive foreign policy on issues like the cold war. Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, Less than half the price of our monthly plan. Assess the Validity of This View. However, the electorate did not empathise with this view, many now believing that the Conservatives were a more trustworthy option. there had been limited industrial reform and Conservatives 1 to 10, Election of 1950 'Iron Curtain' and the Labour would not again form a government until 1964, the question is; what caused people to revert back to supporting the conservatives once again? Most significantly, Labour established the NHS in 1948, they also brought about various other reforms pertaining to welfare. The Labour Party was born at the turn of the 20th . however without power or Homefront experiences had also caused a rise in support for Labour: evacuees educated many people to the realities of poverty in Britain's cities and the Blitz brought people together in communal bomb shelters and broke down social barriers. History-UK-BK1-Labour-1951 election. The year 1947 brought an abrupt end to the honeymoon, as the government was forced to shift focus from massive reform to crisis management in response to fuel and trade shortages. spectacles and dentures. Their time in opposition led to the rebuilding and remodelling their policies to allign with post-war consensus (mixed economy, welfare state etc). In 1951, Labour was pilling on votes in seats they had already won, while the Conservatives won narrow victories. <p>The NHS had been established by the post-war Labour government in 1948. A defeated conservative MP at the time, Macmillan, claimed that . The shock the election caused was comparable to the results of the 1906 and 1979 elections, and would have a profound impact on how the country was rebuilt in the post-war period. between people of different Chamberlain's actions before the war had indeed lost the Conservatives much respect and had made them look weak to many people who saw Labour as the only reliable alternative. Developments during the war made a considerable contribution towards the shift to the left, with more support for collectivism and rationing. Rather, the balance of payments problem forced the non-idealists within the leadership to face the necessary curtailing of public spending. Appeasement wasn't, at the time, a hugely contentious issue however after the war many people believed this was a large reason for the war and the Conservatives were blamed. Aged - many were in 60s Labour's promises of social reforms won them many votes, however it was these promises which led to their failure in 1951, when many people believed that the promises hadn't been delivered. Between 1948 and the election year 1950, Labour was committed to a period of tighter spending and more austere demands placed upon citizens. Although this was not much in terms of the popular vote, Labour lost 78 seats and the Conservatives gained 101; Labour were left with a majority of just five seats. 9% swing against Labour. Labour to the Conservatives - was enough to tip Labour out of office in the general election held in October 1951. Here i looks at the reasons behind Labour's worst defeat in an election campaign since 1935. Nevertheless, the war was clearly more important in raising Atlee's reputation among Britons because Attlee was effectively completely in charge of the homefront for the duration of the war. Clement Attlee was leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955, and served as Britain's Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951. 1946/47 winter which had dire food/ fuel An Overlooked Reason Why Labour Lost In 1983 Ask almost anyone about the June 1983 general election and you will get standard replies as to why the Conservatives won a landslide and Labour did so badly: The Falklands war Michael Foot's leadership of Labour The Bennite left The Gang of Four splitting away But it was not. However, in 1951 they could only manage 109 candidates, gaining just over 700,000 votes (2.6% of entire vote). What seems stingingly ironic is that in 1951 the Labour party actually received the largest percentage of the vote than any other party had in Britain's history and still lost the election. 5 Labour and Conservative Governments, 1964-79 Why did the Conservatives lose the election of 1964? reduces to just 7 Reply 1 7 years ago A TSR George OP These problems, however, would have been inherent to any government of Britain at the time, but the fact was, Labour were held accountable. Also during the 1930s Britain suffered the great depression, which weakened the Conservatives reputation considerably due to their domination of the National Government. Each party's history had a role in both 1951 and 45, the conservative led National Government of the 1930s were blamed for the depression, appeasement and delayed rearmament in 1945. That was three million less than the number of summonses, warrants and benefit deduction orders issued for poll tax non-payment. so much about economics, Food subsidies were sustained in order to negate inflation in living costs; levels of progressive taxation were preserved; regional development was the favoured way to control mass unemployment in the areas of urban industrial decline; nationalisation was seen as the solution in reviving core industries such as mining, which had been faltering in private hands. This type of system naturally leads one to question the truth behind calling the Labour victory a landslide. The 1946 National Insurance Act was also a key domestic reform of the Attlee government. Why then, did Labour go on to lose so many seats in 1950 before losing the General Election in 1951? In opposition to the Conservative Party, it has been the major democratic socialist party in Britain since the early 20th century. Whilst in 1951 the Labour government was punished for its unrealistic promises made in 1945. The very honesty and simplicity of the campaign helped enormously. disadvantaged by 1st Past post This committed the UK government to keeping the value of sterling at a stable rate against the US dollar, and this meant that the governments hands were tied as they sought to address Britains balance of payments deficit by means of international trade. Cost of Living KOREAN WAR Austerity LINK TO COMPULSORY MILITARY SERVICE - cost of heating, clothing, education and food (and other necessities) was increasing; dissatisfaction amongst the people - defense spending increased whilst public spending decreased; led to NHS prescription charges which led to more sophisticated Public transport -1948 ","created_at":"2015-05-24T10:39:56Z","updated_at":"2016-02-19T08:09:05Z","sample":false,"description":"","alerts_enabled":true,"cached_tag_list":"britain, history, 1951, labour, defeat, alevel, attlee, churchill, election, victory","deleted_at":null,"hidden":false,"average_rating":null,"demote":false,"private":false,"copyable":true,"score":35,"artificial_base_score":0,"recalculate_score":false,"profane":false,"hide_summary":false,"tag_list":["britain","history","1951","labour","defeat","alevel","attlee","churchill","election","victory"],"admin_tag_list":[],"study_aid_type":"MindMap","show_path":"/mind_maps/2798048","folder_id":675903,"public_author":{"id":348222,"profile":{"name":"alinam","about":null,"avatar_service":"gravatar","locale":"en-GB","google_author_link":null,"user_type_id":141,"escaped_name":"alinam","full_name":"alinam","badge_classes":""}}},"width":300,"height":250,"rtype":"MindMap","rmode":"canonical","sizes":"[[[0, 0], [[300, 250]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"MindMap"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"sequence","value":1},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en_us"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}. for over 10 years Home building promised to be expanded, from the Labour 200,000 homes per year to 300,000 year, Nostalgia from wartime However by 1945 Labour was a strong, organised and well respected party, whilst the Conservatives were weakened by the war and internal splits. Between 1948 and the election year 1950, Labour was committed to a period of tighter spending and more austere demands placed upon citizens. Concerns about the permissive society e.g. The result of the election caused much surprise. The war had undoubtedly played a major role in the elections, being seen as a people's war it broke down social boundaries and caused a shift to the left. Attlee was aware that these changes to the voting system may This aim was ill-fated and in the eyes of many economists obviously exceeded the country's economic capacity. The newly recruited young members dramatically contrasted with the aging Labour cabinet and presented the Conservatives as a rising party fit to govern. The Labour Party was created in 1900: a new party for a new century. he knew so little about Sterling crisis 1966, devaluation 1967, tax rises, public spending cuts and rejection of the EEC application 1963. second - 1986. The party had achieved many of the reforms put forward in their 1945 manifesto, most noteably the implementation of the welfare state, and now lacked new policy ideas. Outlined in the report were: all working age people would pay a National Insurance tax, and Benefits would be paid to the sick, unemployed, retired or widowed. Little did Provow know at the time, but "Castle Bravo" and the five other tests he witnessed would have a direct effect on his health and the health of his friends he was serving on the . Firstly, the party enacted most of its initial 1945 manifesto pledges in establishing the NHS, founding the Welfare State, and building one million new homes. a8a56820-44a0-4a9a-8187-fafb017abb00 (image/jpg), 8f36ad5d-3853-456a-9ff6-bdaabf691996 (image/jpg), c55c2574-fee6-48c9-ba8e-44fc34928bdf (image/jpg), e49a14d7-993b-49bd-9e9f-d594e2a70129 (image/jpg), 513b94d5-0e2d-4180-b58e-d389eb13cc5f (image/jpg), dd237af4-9d8e-494a-8b1e-c60544884a89.gif (image/gif), 40b0897e-0340-4b7e-af81-65768eaa4fb8 (image/jpg), 0ae72221-e96f-4b35-ad23-e78e4f949912 (image/png), Daily Express: "while he knew called for As Prime Minister, he enlarged and improved social services and the public sector in post-war Britain, creating the National Health Service and nationalising major industries and public utilities. By 1951, there were already heavy pressures on health spending. This large Parliamentary shift, in the face of an unremarkable swing in the popular vote, can be attributed partly to Labours loss of the middle class vote. Wiki User 2009-09-25 15:23:48 Study now See answer (1) Copy the main points are: -record on nationalisation and welfare -economic problems which. The 1983 general election marked a low point for the Labour Party. priorities, Coal mining-1947 The Attlee Labour government of 1945-51 ended more with a whimper than with a bang. By 1947, more than one fifth of British industry had been drawn into public ownership. For me, the Attlee government(s) of 1945 - 51, achieved a huge amount, much of which we can still see and experience today, and which we sh. So, at the 1950 election there was a 2.9% swing against Labour. In the 1950 election, the Liberals put up 475 candidates and secured 2.6 million votes (9.1% of the entire vote). Then, the second ministry saw a fractious Parliamentary party being further divided over the Korean War and the advancement of the National Health Service, leading up to a comfortable Tory win in the October 1951 election. Their wartime experience in government was critical in catalysing trust and support for the party and its MPs who had proven themselves. Mind Map on Why did Labour lose the 1951 election?, created by alinam on 05/24/2015. Cole suggested that its success was the inevitable consequence of the emergence of class politics. Just by losing a core of middle class voters, Labour lost a great many marginal contests and most particularly in the well-to-do constituencies of southern and south-eastern England. Conservatives promised to reduce taxes but keep the NHS. Having been given such a considerable mandate to rebuild the country in 1945, the Attlee post-war government lost popular support considerably over the next six years. {"ad_unit_id":"App_Resource_Leaderboard","width":728,"height":90,"rtype":"MindMap","rmode":"canonical","placement":1,"sizes":"[[[1200, 0], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[468, 60], [234, 60], [336, 280], [300, 250]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"MindMap"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"placement","value":1},{"key":"sequence","value":1},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en_us"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}, GCSE History Social Impact of the Nazi State in 1945, History- Medicine through time key figures, {"ad_unit_id":"App_Resource_Leaderboard","width":728,"height":90,"rtype":"MindMap","rmode":"canonical","placement":2,"sizes":"[[[0, 0], [[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90]]]]","custom":[{"key":"env","value":"production"},{"key":"rtype","value":"MindMap"},{"key":"rmode","value":"canonical"},{"key":"placement","value":2},{"key":"sequence","value":1},{"key":"uauth","value":"f"},{"key":"uadmin","value":"f"},{"key":"ulang","value":"en_us"},{"key":"ucurrency","value":"usd"}]}. As he struggled to justify his November emergency budget tightening spending and committing to an exchange rate policy subservient to US demands, Dalton resigned as Chancellor. Nowhere was there any challenge to the basic Tory idea that workers should pay the price for the economic crisis, and if they refused, their basic rights should be attacked. was welcomed by the electorate. Activision's Spycraft: The Great Game is the product of a very specific era of computer gaming, when "multimedia" and "interactive movies" were among the buzzwords of the zeitgeist. We provide reliable homework help online and custom college essay service. Although it did help to achieve this end, Churchills party was able to lament publicly the humiliation the government had brought upon the British currency, and at the same time place blame on the government for the continuing food scarcities and long queues. However Pearce concludes that. How valid is this view in relation to the 1951 general election? As a response to the housing problem, Dalton committed to building one million new homes, 80% of which were council houses to be rented cheaply to those who most needed them. Understandably, the architect and far left member of the party, Bevan, was enraged at this suggestion. The first-past-the-post system ensures that the elected government has a workable majority. America sought the support of her allies in fighting the North Korean communists, and Britain committed troops to assist her. For the first time, the government provided a catch-all benefits system which hypothecated a proportion of tax revenue thence to be paid against sickness, elderliness and unemployment to name but three key entitlements. Labour Party, British political party whose historic links with trade unions have led it to promote an active role for the state in the creation of economic prosperity and in the provision of social services. that there was a missed opportuinty for Most obviously, because the campaigns importance is overshadowed by the larger, more influential issues. support for the party. She believed that Social changes should come Lord Woolton was also key in the reformation of the party; holding membership dirves, propaganda campaigns and obtaining donations from bug businesses who were threatened by Labours nationalisation. Yet, despite this they won 26 more seats than Labour, this seems somewhat disproportionate and illogical and can once again be traced back to the first-past-the-post system.