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c. The cell should gain weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will enter the cell through osmosis. a. smooth ER c. lysosome e. Extracellular bacterial infections are common in deficiency syndromes with T-cell defects. Which of the following statements accurately describes the natural history of a disease? a. the cytosol. b. the virus escapes from the phagosome into the cytosol Viruses burst (lyse) from host cells and kill the cell; Virus connects to a receptor on the cell's surface; New viruses infect other cells and create more viruses; Virus genomes and protein cotas self-assemble; Re-sequence the steps in teh chart to reflect the correct order of the virus reproduction process. Job offers for selected candidates will be made the week of May 1, 2023. e. They induce suppression of the immune response by causing T cells to undergo apoptosis. "Approximately 88% of our 2022 revenue came from technology-enabled business solutions. a. The science involved in determining whether endocrine disrupters are harmful shows how establishing public policy is difficult. This survey study estimates the prevalence of current hepatitis C virus infection among adults in each US state and the District of Columbia from 2013 to 2016 u . d. they cause less severe immunodeficiency than do the homozygous recessive forms Chytridiomycosis (or chytrid fungus) is an ecological disease that affects amphibians and is ______. A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. b. the sequence of the conserved X box of the HLA class II promoter c. The cell should gain weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will enter the cell through osmosis. The intensity level of these sounds can reach 103 dB, measured a distance of 5.0 m from the source. d. cytosol. - for activities we enjoy or find profitable c - Dose must be above a threshold level before anyone in the population shows a response which suggests the presence of some defense mechanism against the harmful effects of the toxin. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells have membrane-enclosed organelles. Steps of Virus Infections. a. leukocyte adhesion deficiency a. immune-complex disease - when risks are known and we feel in control of the outcome. DDT is deposited in water from agricultural runoff Factor related to the organism - Immunological status at the time of exposure to the chemical. What is a probability calculation and how is it used in risk assessment? Multiple Choice Q09 Which of the following statements correctly describes the most probable fate of a newly emerging virus that causes high mortality in its host? b) Formation of the provirus would be stopped. Which of these best describes a virus? the selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules inside cells at levels that are higher than the environment. You observe layers of cells that have a definite, rigid, rectangular shape; there appears to be a nucleus in all of the cells and there are many oval-shaped green structures that seem to be moving around inside of the cells in an orderly fashion. This study was reported . - requires manufacturers to show that a substance is not dangerous before it is introduced into the marketplace. c. Substances can only pass through the membrane with the help of either active or passive transport proteins. a) co-infection with an unrelated virus that causes the same symptoms 13-44 Listeria monocytogenes replicates in _____ of macrophages after _____. a. The cell should lose weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will leave the cell through osmosis. f. It is able to render target cells responsive even if they express only one functional allele of IFNR1. e. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; HIV. II. A collection of three American sterling silver vases and a sterling-overlay glass vasevarious makers, 20th centuryComprising a Tiffany & Co. bud vase with 925 sterling hallmark, with 1907-1947 date mark, maker's mark, "19397 5521" marked to interior; an early 20th century Unger bud vase with vine and floral engraving, with sterling hallmark, maker's mark, "09792" marked to . There is evidence that elephants communicate via infrasound, generating rumbling vocalizations as low as 14 Hz that can travel up to 10 km. With the first bite, you notice their texture is not as crisp and crunchy as you like. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A.". c. the expression of MHC class I and class II molecules answer choices Viruses can eat and metabolize food. d. neurons; MHC class I 3. Filter the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope. Which statement is incorrect regarding internal control in personal computer environment? c. matrix protein - in the blood of nearly everyone in the United States. a. is the site where lipids destined for other cellular compartments are manufactured. c. The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. - Our focus on reducing pollution to protect human health has neglected risks to natural ecological systems that may be of greater ultimate importance. b. D. A virus does not have a cell, produces carbon dioxide, and uses oxygen. They are only capable of reproducing once inside a living host cell Viruses are living cells that are lacking the necessary structures to carry out cellular functions. a. bacteria, some fungi (yeast), and many protozoans. Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between the way bacteria cause diseases and the way that viruses cause diseases? a. impermeable Which of the following statements accurately describes how endocrine disrupters affect us? b. It is the major activating cytokine of macrophages. Which of the following statements correctly describes one characteristic of the lytic cycle of viral replication? c. Proviruses are flanked by repetitive sequences called long terminal repeats (LTRs). Antibiotics cannot kill a virus because viruses are not living cells with cell walls to puncture, nor do they have their own organelles to replicate DNA. c. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; HIV e) Viral genomes mutate rapidly. They are much less sensitive to ______ than regular rats, so studies using them are highly suspect. - DALYs are a more complete measure combining premature deaths and the loss of a healthy life resulting from mental illness or physical disability Viruses contain organelles while bacteria cells do not Tags: Question 2 SURVEY 30 seconds Q. Which of the following is/are part of accepted cell theory? a) The gp120 glycoprotein would no longer be able to bind to the CCR5 receptor. T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses. Bisphenol A (BPA) - Used to produce plastic-coated items such as linings of cans and bottles, tooth-protecting sealants, and water pipes. Dog bites and bee, wasp, or hornet stings - These have risks between 1 in 46,562 to 1 in 115,111. The palisade mesophyll layer is responsible for most of the photosynthesis that occurs while the spongy mesophyll layer underneath it aids in the exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) and water vapor. become capable of human-to-human transmission Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda () phage? a) interference with viral replication Excreting water-soluble salts and other substances - Kidneys. What general type of membrane are you observing? c) They are rarely spread by insects. Which of the statements below accurately captures the relationship between toxicity and potency? - Policy decisions about toxins must address how such materials affect not just humans but also organisms that define and maintain our environment. a. d. a chromosome, where the pipe cleaners represent bundles of proteins around which the DNA double helix (wired ribbon) is wrapped. 13-52 _____ participates in the T-cell cytoskeletal reorganization required for T-cell cytokine production and cell-mediated interactions. The pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is called _________________ ______________________ syndrome. b. anti-HIV antibodies are detectable in their blood serum c. Epidemics; pandemics c) Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses 4. This problem has been solved! b. nonspecific activation of 2-20% of body's CD8 T cells So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes out of the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. At its 5 end, the RNA genome has a viral protein (VPg) instead of a 5 cap. d. fall below 500 cells/l Select one: a. e. they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form. Editor's Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. b. I would expect to find the photosynthetic enzymes associated with the plasma membrane of the bacteria. Microbes acquire resistance to antibiotics through different processes that include random mutations and ______________ reproduction. a. transport proteins Random genetic mutations create antibiotic-resistant individuals that survive and multiply to develop into an antibiotic-resistant colony. d. HIV is transferred from an infected person to an uninfected recipient a) III d. hereditary angioedema This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. Viral genomes consist of what type of nucleic acid molecules? Which aspect of antibiotic resistance development in microbes is depicted in this image? d. Liposomes form from phospholipid bilayers and provide a barrier between an external environment and an internal environment; this creates an internal environment where specific chemical reactions needed to establish a living cell can occur separately from the external environment. Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? How do these molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment? a. Yes; without organelles, prokaryotic cells cannot photosynthesize or respire. d. The cell should gain weight over time because it is isotonic to the beaker environment and water will be drawn into the cell because of the albumin. d. properdin (factor P) Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections? c. secondary immunodeficiency diseases b. a worker in a factory who places labels on products and then packs them into a shipping box NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (O-). Pesticide residue on food - Ingestion (gastrointestinal tract) Dialysis tubing is a selectively permeable membrane that can be filled with a solution to simulate a cell. The measles virus causes brain and skin infections. c) II Eat fewer calories and exercise more - Reduces obesity-related illnesses The hydrophobic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophilic heads pointing out towards the water; this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a spherical liposome. Chloropyrifos - Used as a pesticide c. herpes zoster So, the water moved by osmosis across the plasma membranes into the radish cells increasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. c. the cytosol - political or economic interest related to the hazard. O The envelope is only found on RNA viruses. c. facilitated diffusion Declines in child mortality are largely a result of ______. - Endocrine disrupters may cause reproductive dysfunction in females. d. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids, a. water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2). Examine the figure below. True or false: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that though 90 percent of all disease burden occurs in developing nations only about 10 percent of health care dollars are spent there. c. infected cells do not express any viral proteins during latency d. Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion while others must be helped across by active or passive transport proteins; some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane. - Endocrine disrupters may interfere with growth and development. The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. 13-14 Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells are poor targets for CD8 T-cell killing because _____. Your lab partner has also made a slide, but the RBCs on their slide do look like the ones in the lab manual; your lab partner used a more dilute solution of saline but the same vial of blood. The idea that a small amount of radiation may stimulate DNA repair, whereas a large amount of radiation causes cancer, is an example of _____________________. c. transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) Which of the following is/are part of accepted cell theory? - They are both caused by viruses. 3. e. activate : T cells Which of the following statements correctly identify reasons why the debate currently surrounds regulating endocrine disrupters? B) The focus of nurses is the person with an illness. b. simple diffusion A nonliving complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein coat Question: Which of the following statements accurately describes a viral envelope? Write the equation describing the equilibrium established when HNO2HNO_2HNO2 reacts with NH3NH_3NH3. Which of the following virus types inserts a double-stranded DNA copy of its genome into the host cell's genome? 13-21 Individuals with an antibody deficiency are more susceptible to infections by all of the following except _____. Contrary to the risk probabilities, we are often willing to accept far greater risk than the general threshold ______. Treat the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determine whether it is still infectious. d. Pandemics; epidemics. c. gp41 - For most people, a 1 in 100,000 chance of dying from some risk factor is often a threshold for changing what they do. e. The capsular polysaccharide antigens of S. pneumoniae do not induce immunological memory. c. viruses are biotic and bacteria are abiotic . C. Applying an external force to an enclosed volume of air will allow the air to expand and the volume to decrease. You have four methods at your disposal that you can use to analyze the substance in order to determine the nature of the infectious agent. b) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. 1. They affect wildlife populations, such as bats and frogs. Living cells have an intact phospholipid bilayer that separates the cell from its external environment; this structure is commonly referred to as the. a. adenosine deaminase (ADA) c) Viruses are difficult to place precisely within the tree of life. d. eukaryotic and animal. An experiment mixed together oil (lipids), organophosphate-containing detergent in water, and copper ions to act as a catalyst for a chemical reaction. b) copies of the herpesvirus genome remaining as mini-chromosomes in some host cell nuclei X=(112110101)X\mathbf{X}^{\prime}=\left(\begin{array}{rrr}{1} & {-1} & {2} \\ {-1} & {1} & {0} \\ {-1} & {0} & {1}\end{array}\right) \mathbf{X} Which of the following statements accurately describes the concepts of disease and illness? True or false: Most people in industrialized nations have PFC residues (perflurooctanoic acid) in their blood. Pollution - Noise - Immunological status affects susceptibility to toxins. Which of the following statements about viruses is false? a. contain genetic material b. can be killed using antibiotics c. have a cell membrane d. have a protein coat a 5. d. extracellular spaces; coating itself with human proteins d. integrase The plasma membrane of some white blood cells contain ________ that bind with proteins of cells such as bacteria that have invaded the human body. - Pesticide residues are not necessarily harmful, for a substance produces a harmful effect only if it reaches within the body in a high enough dose. a. Cell W. A healthy individual may be insensitive to doses of toxins dangerous to someone who is ill. b. antigenic shift d. It is secreted by CD8 cytotoxic T cells, CD4 TH1 cells, and NK cells. Which statement most accurately describes a virus? e. agammaglobulinemia caused by deficiency of Bruton's tyrosine kinase Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins. Which of the following accurately describes HIV? Viruses contain DNA, so they are alive. Which of the following statements accurately describes the path of oxygenated blood? A defense mechanism that repairs the damage caused by a toxin would create a _______________ response curve; a minimal dose is necessary to induce an observable effect. b. rough ER d. nucleus, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. b. pinocytosis Which of the following virus types inserts a double-stranded DNA copy of its genome into the host cell's genome? * A. b. osmosis. The tertiary structure consists of eight beta-strands connected by -helices (known as the globin fold) Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two different types of globin subunits, each of which has an O 2 binding site Prokaryotic cells must also carry out respiration but do not have mitochondria. c. osmosis. is an emerging discipline that seeks to understand how environmental changes threaten our health and the environment itself. - caused by a fungus that thrives in cool, moist caves where bats hibernate Which of the following important considerations in setting environmental health policy is most often overlooked? The color change indicates that the iodine molecules were small enough to diffuse across the membrane and react with the starch inside the cell. Both membranes are selectively permeable and have pores. error prone replication of its DNA genome. a. Antigenic drift; antigenic shift After soaking in the yellow iodine-water solution for one hour, the cell is once again weighed. a. Solutes are never able to cross the membrane. e. CD18. b) A large number of phages are released at a time. - better nutrition How can a single sheet of Polaroid film be used to show that the sky is partially polarized? 13-32 A deficiency in _____ causes a condition that closely resembles X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and is characterized by inefficient cytokine signaling. c. Most deficiency syndromes are caused by dominant gene defects. You buy a bunch of small, round, red radishes at the grocery store; they are on sale because they have been sitting in the produce aisle for a while. A screen door allows breezes to enter and aromas to exit but keeps out insects. b. polysaccharides Most substances are toxic at some level of exposure depending on the substance and the nature of the exposure. b. Antigenic shift; antigenic drift d. massive production of IL-2, IFN-, and TNF- d) Vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from trees and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of similar size. c. nucleic acids. d) whether the genome of the virus is DNA or RNA, a) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane, Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? d. There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic. b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids - Data on which chemicals are endocrine disrupters are not definitive. b. proteins. Question 4 120 seconds Q. - Allergens act as antigens and stimulate the production of specific antibodies. 6. b) removal of viral mRNAs a. osmosis. d. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells. Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda () phage? - Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally. Match the term with its correct definition. Cells naturally, without using energy, respond to changes in water concentration through the process of Which statement accurately describes capitalism? Match each of the following factors to how it influences whether a particular chemical will prove to be dangerous. d. MHC class I; MHC class II molecules. Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of DNA replication? Proton therapy accurately targets very specific locations, which may result in less damage to surrounding . - improved sanitation c. the use of other types of bacteria. Poisons that are produced naturally are called ____________ substances. You also notice that the solution inside of the cell is now a dark blue color while the solution in the beaker is still a light yellow color from the iodine. C. A virus does not eat, use energy, or have cells. 13-48 Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens? b. a) capsid It is rising in both developing and developed countries. - Reduced cancer risk Predicting whether an individual will recover from a given disease. d. carbon dioxide (CO2), b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids. - Members of a population vary in sensitivity to a toxin. The project is the solution towards mitigating scams and rugpulls. 13-29 Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) describes a condition in which neither _____ nor _____ are functional. This specifically makes alcohol a ______. e. antigenic drift. Why do these antibiotics not work to kill viruses and cure people of viral infections? c. the ER lumen. 13-33 Patients who lack _____ are very susceptible to infections with intracellular bacteria, including the ubiquitous nontuberculous strains of mycobacteria. 2. e) Retroviruses. 2. The majority of the SMC is . d. Women are more likely than men to inherit X-linked immunodeficiencies. d. factor D A virus is made up of a DNA or RNA genome inside a protein shell called a capsid. Reduce the amount of salt and animal fat in your diet - Reduced cardiovascular disease A piece of dialysis tubing has been filled with a cloudy white solution of 5 percent starch, 5 percent egg albumin (protein), and 5 percent glucose (a small sugar) dissolved in water to simulate a cell. b. Differences in physiology, metabolism, and body size result in species reacting ______ to a specific compound, which makes human risk difficult to estimate. a. plasma membrane. 13-79 A patient is diagnosed with AIDS when CD4 T-cell counts _____. Which of the following is not a concern of environmental toxicology? In 1973, the FDA required that cancer-causing compounds must not be present in meat at concentrations that would cause a cancer risk greater than 1 in a million lifetimes. b. c. latency c. a TAP peptide transporter Correct Response ___________________, whereas the reason that gulls, who are tertiary consumers, have about 240 times the concentration of compounds as compared to the small insects sharing the same environment is due to _________________. If you already knew that the infectious agent was a prion, select all the treatments that would allow you to distinguish this? c. They must make sure the results were not an accident and that they are repeatable. The measles virus causes mouth and gum infections. It has not been previously known or has been absent for at least 20 years. It may last a few seconds or a few hours. Potential harm to other species or entire ecological systems. b. T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses 180 seconds. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. c) the proteins in the host's cytoplasm c. Cold sores develop as a consequence of CD8 T-cell killing. the virus is able to transform into a host cell. - The mere presence of a toxin is insignificant without considering how much is there, where it is located, how accessible it is, and who is exposed. - Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasing and spreading to poorer populations. The bacterial phage lambda can infect some bacteria and c. The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. b. ribosomes - misunderstanding probabilities about harm from a hazard X=111110201X. Our professionals strive to design and deliver high quality human and health services that improve the safety, independence, and well-being of the people of . Setting environmental health policy is challenging because ______. b) casing Yes; without organelles, prokaryotes are unable to bring together the reactants needed for biological reactions. The products are arranged under different categories like . D. Viruses reproduce asexually while bacteria cells reproduce sexually. d. They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, the only way they can move into the cell is by endocytosis. a) Vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant. b. class II transactivator (CIITA) Which of the following correctly characterizes white-nose syndrome? b - Shows a linear relationship from zero exposure to the highest dose suggesting that exposure to such toxic agents, no matter how small, carries some risks This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypotonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypertonic. c) Vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from the upper leaves to the lower leaves of the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general level. Why? White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that is devastating bat populations, causing mortality of 90 percent or more in infected colonies. b. prokaryotic and animal b. susceptibility to Neisseria 1. e. Listeria monocytogenes Where in the bacteria would you expect to find the enzymes needed to perform photosynthesis? Membranes budded off of the oil in this mixture. At times we lack the medicines with which to treat them, as some emergent diseases are caused by drug-resistant strains of a pathogen. This study aims to present a robust numerical model by . Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. question 2 5 out of 5 points which statement accurately describes capitalism? The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. Nearly all substances are toxic depending on the amount, delivery rate, and method. c. X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome These individuals, who generally communicate through sign language, are an integral part of our society, and their contribution is vital. The solution level on the left side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease. Exposure to background radiation, like from radon gas - Chronic exposure a. 13-80 Reverse transcriptase is a _____ encoded by _____. A.) Most amphibian species are susceptible to the fungus that causes Chytridiomycosis, which is spreading rapidly likely due to environmental changes. d. T-cell receptor V chain. .ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS1. Chemicals are generally divided into oil-soluble and water-soluble types. a) Double-stranded DNA viruses Question 33. d) Double-stranded RNA viruses d. it made plymouth a royal colony Exhaling excess carbon dioxide - Lungs Multiple Choice Viruses are typically a piece of genetic material encased in a protein capsule. The following regions were not resolved in the cryo-EM map and so were omitted from the atomic model: residues 146 to 160 corresponding to the GS linker in the FMC63 scFv and residues 21 to 22, 40 to 46, 133 to 152, and 175 to 184 corresponding to flexible loops in CD19. - Mutagens are agents such as chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. c. passive carrier proteins Certain pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and drugs - Injection (Intramuscular), As shown in the figure, every organism in the Lake Michigan food chain has some DDT in their body tissues at concentrations higher than in the environment due to 13-25 Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P) are associated with _____. Developing lung cancer after exposure to radiation - Chronic effect. All toxic substances are hazardous, but all hazardous substances are not toxic. Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses? Virus b. c. variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. b. gp120 The three kinds of blood lipoproteins and the differences between their composition and function, Which unit is the larger? a. prokaryotic and plant c. nuclear pore. Which of the following statements correctly describes how factors related to the individual influence how she or he responds to toxins in the environment? d. Candida albicans Which of the following organelles would you expect to be especially abundant in muscle cells? 13-24 All of the following are X-linked immunodeficiencies except _____. The odds of being involved in a car accident are about 1 in 100 while the odds of being involved in an airplane accident are about 1 in 5,000.