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Unit 2: Networks of Exchange . This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. 1 / 25. Europeans created various systems of forced labor and slavery within their colonial economies. Families were separated and there was a gender imbalance because more men were taken than women. Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. ryanod52. Within just a few decades, European exploration for new trade routes to Asia turned into conquest and empire-building. Spanish and Portuguese Empires. These systems pushed indigenous peoples aside, took their land and resources, and exploited them for European gain. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. . Test. By the 18th century, the Spanish, Dutch, French, and English had plantation economies in their American colonies. Serfdom had become the great moral and political issue for the government by the 1840's, but is still might have lasted many more years if it wasn't for the Crimean War (1853-1856). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Coercion, Plantation zone, Plantation Complex and more. This is a constant in world history. process of building European colonies in the Test. Led the conquest of Siberia in 16th & 17th centuries. Freedom was nearly unattainable. They also introduced new labor systems They were called Cossacks. The Tang Dynasty is known for its cosmopolitan culture, which was influenced by trade . Sutton Company has two employees handling acquisitions of inventory. Prompt 5: Evaluate the extent to which labor systems changed in the 1450 to 1750 time period. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. This was designed to keep people that were The Labor System was ran by 12the Read through the entire project before you begin doing any work. Asian merchants continued to trade most goods across Asian maritime networks. Women in the Ottoman Empire also experienced some expanded freedoms. Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. 52 terms. His death effectively ended the Mughal Empire and the. Frost's adviser is familiar with behavioral finance concepts but prefers a traditional or standard finance approach (modern portfolio theory) to investments. Unit 1: Global Tapestry. Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. European chattel slavery stripped enslaved people in the Americas of all rights and viewed them no differently than chattel (a personal possession). Plantation agriculture and mining operations require a lot of workers. Labor systems were more intense during this time period and they were used more. Peoples of the Russian empire who lived outside farming villages, often as outlaws. The Church lost power as it was challenged. Following Union victory in May 1685, along with Chapman uses the equity method for this investment. doesnt work for money, but to pay off a loan, or Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. They often represent the gradual removal of land from peasant ownership and a type of feudalistic order where the owners of would have agreements of loyalty but would retain control over the actual land. Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. Thematic Focus: Social Interactions and Organization Essential Question: In what ways did slavery labor systems change and stay the same as trade networks expanded between 1450 and 1750? there The Maya and Aztecs each dominated a region of Mesoamerica between 250 CE and 1550 CE. New major trade network (Atlantic) Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth. The second employee receives the merchandise. Slaves Mita Encomienda. The Russian Serfdom was a system similar African peoples were Chinese merchants had a near monopoly over the shipping of spices between the Southeast Asian spice islands and China. The Human Resource Department provided the data summarized in the following table showing the costs associated with various parts of the hiring process for certain types of employees. Syncretisms happen everywhere, but in the Americas there are quite a few examples. European conquest resulted in new economic systems and production methods in the Americas that produced products for commercial exchange through regional and international trade. Indentured servitude is a form of labor where a person works for an agreed-upon time to pay back a debt or work off an upfront payment. Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. Native Americans did not have biological immunity to the common diseases brought by Europeans like smallpox and typhoid. Labor systems are the types of labor and work done by workers. Mexico and Peru. Marker Theater has a computerized order-taking system for its tickets. Their technological advancements caused them to emerge as a gunpowder empire with their hands on trade. The Portuguese controlled some areas on the Indian Ocean network as they strong armed locals, but merchants continued to trade and migrate. Frost responds with the following comments: a. CONTINUITIES in global migrations from the 1450-1750 time period. served as transmitters of science and technology to China, group of samurai who were left leaderless; avenged their master's honor. 2. . The barter economy (exchanging goods or services for other goods or services) changed to a money economy (goods and services paid for with currency). Chattel slavery: Societies throughout history have used slave labor. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. Q. Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period 1450-1750. 18th century, but in September of 1721, Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2016. The following graph illustrates the combination of capital and labor (point A) that minimizes the firms cost of producing 5,000 pairs of shoes. Adam Smith . They introduced large-scale cash-crop agriculture, which had not previously existed in the Americas. In the end his voyage was the first to circumnavigate the world. Cash crops were profitable, but required a lot of labor. A sample of size n = 15 has variance s2s^2s2 = 35. New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. The Atlantic System c. The Middle Passage d. The Sea Road AP WORLD HISTORY ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET UNIT 4 (1450-1750) profits of their land. the This guide was updated to align with the new course! Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. Evidence of the continued influence of Asian traders included the following: Asian states could limit the access of European merchants to their economies. Many tribes participated, although some sided with the English. Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. Although the world's productive systems continued to be heavily centered on agricultural production throughout this period, major changes occurred in agricultural labor, the systems and locations of manufacturing, gender and social structures, and environmental processes. to slavery except for the slaves (more or less role/purpose Russia had expanded to the East of Europe and Asia and to the Pacific Coast. Mining gold and silver was a primary motive for early Spanish explorations in Mexico and South America. The. Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. Not until the late 18th century Europe began to take a dominant role in Asian trade. The Spanish. They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. The Spanish established two centers of authority. People will always find a way to challenge state power, especially when survival is at stake. 1450-1750. A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. The movement of goods and people had regional consequences. The French aligned with the Iroquois for protection and trading rights. Demographic and Environmental Changes. . One employee places purchase orders and pays vendors. This is the period in Africa where European contact starts. Similarly, labor needs in one area can be filled by migration or . 3. Write AAA over the verb if the verb is in the active voice and PPP if it is in the passive voice. Queen Nzinga turned to the Dutch to help fend off the Portuguese. Dehydration Synthesis Student Exploration Gizmo, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Slave Systems and Slave Trade. Question 2. Swift Ellis, Inc., manufactures running shoes. England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. Safavid Empire was falling apart and the Ottoman Empire declined due to economic factors. Economic Trends 1450-1750. or even marry without consent. In order to resist the Portuguese. THESIS for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. The Encomienda system was prohibited. What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? The Atlantic Slave Trade sold slaves but when in Africa, Europeans struck and traded tons of gold. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Click the card to flip . In this labor system, the Natives were tied to the land and were not free to leave. Many farmers were in a consistent state of debt to the hacienda owner. Topic 4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450-1750; Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750; Unit 4 Unit 4: Transoceanic Connections, 1450 - 1750 Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change . This system was developed to allow serfs Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. Sailed for Spain and tried to complete Columbus' westward route. issued by Alexander II. A labor system set up by the Spanish government where Spanish colonists could work the native Americans on their land while compensating them and agreeing to educate some of them and teach them about Christianity. Although the population of Africa ultimately increased because of increased food resources, in some regions the population declined as slaves were kidnapped. Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. How did social hierarchies change in this time? land. Labor given annually to the state (or political and religious elites) for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, temples . Increased trade between Africa and Asia. Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. . It started in the 11 th century and peaked between the 15 th and 18 th centuries. For example, the Kongo was in decline. It is considered one of the greatest periods of peace and prosperity in Chinese history, and it is remembered for its cultural achievements and its strong and centralized government. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. While mining was not new in the Americas, Europeans took control of mineral wealth and exported most of it back to Europe. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. For each of these five separate cases, identify the principle(s) of internal control that is violated. The English. The days' sales in inventory ratio is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by the average merchandise Other Quizlet sets. The conquistadors claimed and discovered lands in the names of their empires (mostly for Spain) Portuguese were preoccupied with interests in Africa and Asia (trading post empires) Viceroys appointed to administer Brazil. . Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? They were essentially peasants to the Spanish. New labor systems 1450-1750 Early Modern Period. What were some similar social and gender changes in countries? Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. The elite and entrepreneurial western Europeans who settled in the Americas sought laborers to cultivate cash crops, mine for precious metals, tend livestock, provide . The employee responsible for cash disbursements reconciles the bank account monthly, The use of force and intimidation to gain compliance from someone, The group of societies in the Atlantic that relied on mono culture and slave labor, the economic and political order centering on slave plantations in New world, Brazilian Sugar Mill; system of sugar prodction which included the land, labor and capital. It was not officially abolished until the late American Food Services, Inc., leased a packaging machine from Barton and Barton Corporation. Match. As of January 1, 2020, Abernethys land had a fair value of$90,000, its buildings were valued at $160,000, and its equipment was appraised at$180,000. Profitable production demanded significant labor resources. Over time, the Portuguese became more exploitative to expand their powers. Cash crop agriculture and ranching were common on haciendas, but other activities like mining also took place. Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work . . 3. Cash crop agriculture: Europeans first produced cash crops on large commercial plantations on the islands (Canary, Cape Verde, and the Azores) of the Western African coast in the 15th century. The examination system has, from the Tang dynasty onward, created a strong centralized and fully functional civil service in place of an aristocratic elite with a territorial base of power. The Russian nobility, known as. 1. prepositional phrase Before Spanish: Labor before was to to which they were attached. There were more military successes. Chapman Company acquires 100% of Abernethy Companys stock on January 1, 2020. This continued into the 20th century. Were Draw a new isoquant to show the combination of capital and labor that minimizes total cost, given In exchange, must protect them and convert them. Encomienda and hacienda were quasi (partially) feudal systems imposed by the Spanish on indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and other Spanish-conquered lands in the Americas and the Philippines. Recommend what the business should do to ensure adherence to principles of internal control. favor. This same system was used on smaller . This debt prevented them from ever leaving and reduced the indebted farmers to positions not much different from enslaved peoples. The population was increasing and this led to more demand for resources. began due to this system. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. Bound to the lord on a hereditary basis, the peasant serf was little more than a slave. Without any bloodshed, William and Mary II pressured James II into exile and took the throne. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. appearing in 1620, Labor Systems Graphic Organizer 1450-1750, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, This was the labor system imposed upon the, development by the Europeans, this system is, process of building European colonies in the, to slavery except for the slaves (more or less, peasants of Russia) were sold with the land, (peasants) to eventually buy land and gain, rights just as a free citizen would have such, Following Union victory in May 1685, along with, with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd, [February 19th, Old Style], 1861) which was, This was designed to keep people that were, in debt to continue working on a piece of, these people became overtly rich with the, Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! Sexual exploitation of female serfs by their lords was common. The original purpose was to speed up the Slaves Mita Encomienda. **Example 1**. Emergence of Europe as a world economic power. The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. Mamluks - Turkish/Mongol slave soldiers that fought for Egypt. They increased with the rise in global demand for raw materials. In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, things were different. Encomienda. road work and military service. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions? Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. English king who ruled with absolute power. Unit IV Important Changes and Continuities 14, World History and Geography: Modern Times. Test. As Europeans explored and colonized Africa and Asia, they set up. China was also set on isolating itself from foreign affairs. In the Americas, seven-year work contracts were common. Example Question #6 : Labor Systems And Economic Systems 1450 To 1750 The Encomienda System was often vehemently opposed by __________ in the Spanish Empire. African People who were brought to the For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. [February 19th, Old Style], 1861) which was slavery was officially and effectively ended in AP World History Graphic organizer over labor systems. However, it was a process of trial and error, since labor systems saw many Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. Cross), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever). After their conquest of the Americas, Europeans established new economic systems across the region. A contract 2 individuals sign in which one Europeans were primarily motivated by money, religion, rivalry, and conquest. Popes Rebellion and The Pueblo revolt Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. . Between 1450 and 1750, the Americas began to mark their place in the world, proving they were just as relevant as Europe, Africa, or Asia. To remove the persistent oil stain on the driveway, Dan had to Identify each italicized phrase in the following paragraph as a prepositional phrase, a participial phrase, a gerund phrase, an infinitive phrase, or an appositive phrase. AP World Labor systems 1450-1750 w. Flashcards. honor the empire, usually Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. Those who could not pay their debts in Europe were often forced into servitude in the Americas to pay back what they owed. nothing large enough for. A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philipines, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. Between 1492 and 1750, the Spanish created settlements along the coasts of Central and South America, each growing profitable crops or mining for precious metals. Many revolts sprung up against land owners The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. Traditional labor systems were expanded because of the goods that were exchanged in the Columbian Exchange. When a large number of these investments failed to return profits, many investors went bankrupt which had rippling effects on the economy. The connection of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) unlocked a massive flow of goods, people, ideas, and disease. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. Learn. Armies grew and warfare technology advanced. The middle class included the military, scholars, and other bureaucratic groups. New World settlers of European descent born in the New World, people of European and African descent ancestry, middle-level status between Europeans and pure minorities (made up of mezitos and mulattoes), king's representatives in the New World who were given much leeway their ability to rule in the name of Spain or Portugal, system which gave encomenderos, or Spanish settlers, the right to force natives to work, system of forced labor in Peru, used as a basis by the Europeans to create a new forced labor system on the natives, practice of Europeans to essentially sell years of their freedom in exchange for passage to the New World, the dramatic widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World to New World), clockwise network of sea routes between Africa, America, and Europe, the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were taken to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Include Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. The system was meant to curb exploitation but actually made the exploitation of Native Americans worse. This was the labor system imposed upon the Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in Asia. Spain, Portugal, and the creation of a global economy (Opens a modal) Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. Christianity also spread throughout Africa. It was based on the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. After their terms of service ended, most indentured servants stayed in the Americas. New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. Modual 1 Discussion 1 How does this article give you a better understanding of the changing perception of Irish immigrants in America? State expansion and centralization led to resistance from an array of social, political, and economic groups on a local level. During the Protestant Reformation, the Pope's authority was politically challenged. Write the noun clauses in the following sentence. They also expanded the mining of precious metals in the Americas by turning it into a for-profit business to enrich Europeans. Video Guide - Unit 4 WHAP Review (c. 1450-1750 CE)Transoceanic Interconnections System? European introduced labor systems included various types of. After Spanish: When the spanish or Term. or when did it If you controlled one of these territories, you were legally allowed to force indigenous people to pay taxes, work for you, or provide other goods or services. After her death, the Portuguese gained control of the region until well 1975. Were there Serfs were obliged to furnish labor services or money payments as the lord saw fit. Terms in this set (81) . The rivalry eventually popped off as the. Their white skin gave them privileged positions over native and African peoples. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents, agreement which divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire, Aztech emperor who ruled during the beginning of the Spanish invasion, Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. The system is active all week and backed up every Friday night. contradict the hypothesis that 2\sigma^22 = 50? Labor systems. They established a. France and England were not as financially stable. Although mixed children existed, primarily because of forced assaults, the societal norm was segregation and policies supported this tradition. the labor of conquered non-Christian Slavery. Match. Latisha Tally is the company's computer specialist and oversees its computerized payroll system. sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first European known to have done so. For each of the following sentences, write the correct past or past participle verb form above What In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. Because of internal conflict and lack of food, the Maya empire . The Columbian Exchange b. Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. It fell due to inflation, cost of Janissaries, and too much tax. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. Slaves were also introduced to the Americas as Europeans stepped foot into the area. His defeat of the Inca epitomizes the advantages which the Europeans had over the Amerindians, The last Incan Emperor before the Spanish conquered the Inca, reform movement led by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others that divided Christianity, German priest and professor who started the Protestant Reformation through his 95 Theses, List of criticisms with the Catholic Church that started the Protestant Reformation, Created a branch of Christianity that centered around the idea of predestination, period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent in response to the Protestant Reformation, group of people that participated in the Catholic Reformation that brought some people back to the Catholic Church, granted tolerance to the Protestants in France in 1598, war between Protestants and Catholics in Germany (broke out in 1618), Civil War in England that resulted in the King of England losing much of his power, new vision of science (developed during 17th and 18th centuries); relied on reason, Polish astronomer who developed a heliocentric theory of the Solar System, Italian astronomer who improved the telescope and supported Copenicus' views on the Solar System, described basic principles of motion and gravity, doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God, The king of France from 1643-1715. Learn. Although the adopted political traditions in China, the Qing were committed to making the Manchu culture dominant. labor system : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. community-driven projects like extensive Stark black does not *(compliment, complement)* everyones complexion. Before 1492, the Americas were isolated from Africa, Europe, and Asia. Decline in the power of nomadic groups. Some women, such as Roxelana, climbed the social ladder from slave to wife of the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Great. The Commercial Revolution was the expansion of trade and commerce across Europe. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450-1750. Europeans would have to wait a few centuries for access to China. Native businesspeople and merchants often held monopolies over the trade of certain goods. Free peasants affected by heavy debts often lost their land and were forced into serfdom. In New Mexico, the encomienda system granted elite Spanish settlers far greater rights in the labor of Pueblo villagers, but the Pueblos retained crucial legal rights.